Text settings Story text Size Small Standard Large Width * Standard Wide Links Standard Orange * Subscribers only Learn more Minimize to nav Russian tanks have entered battle for the first time with a new active protection system designed to shoot down incoming drones. But the technology’s recent combat debut in Ukraine met with only limited success—Ukrainian drones still destroyed the Russian armored vehicles by attacking in overwhelming numbers.
The first documented battlefield appearance of the Arena-M active protection system took place when Russian forces launched a company-size assault with tanks and other armored vehicles in the Donetsk Oblast of eastern Ukraine on July 22. The Ukrainian defenders repelled the attack and posted video footage of their kamikaze drone strikes destroying at least seven T-72B3A tanks, including some that carried the Arena-M system, according to Euromaidan Press.
However, Ukrainian soldiers also described the Russian Arena-M system successfully shooting down some incoming drones, according to the journalists Dmytro Putiata and Rob Lee. The Ukrainians reported requiring between 15 and 20 drones to finish off each tank.
The incident “demonstrated that the Russian military is learning and is experimenting in how to employ armor on a drone-saturated battlefield,” Lee wrote on X. “The Arena-M [active protection system] demonstrated effectiveness and will likely be improved.”
This development comes more than four years after Russia launched its full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, as mass armored assaults have become increasingly scarce on the modern battlefield dominated by drone warfare. It’s part of an ongoing arms race where many militaries are struggling to figure out how to protect the weakest points of their expensive main battle tanks and other armored vehicles against swarms of cheap drones.
The Russian military has previously tried adding more physical armor in the form of “cope cages” welded or bolted onto tanks and other vehicles, which inspired the Ukrainian military to do the same. Russian forces even made “turtle tanks” covered in porcupine-style metal spikes and other improvised armor, although the extra weight and encumbrance of such add-ons have often limited both tank mobility and the use of their main guns.
Even up-armored vehicles attempting to enter the drone kill zone usually get destroyed, which is why mechanized assaults have mostly disappeared from the current battlefields in Ukraine in favor of infiltration tactics using small groups of soldiers. Russia’s battlefield deployment of the Arena-M aimed to change that.
The Arena-M represents the latest version of the Arena system originally developed in the Soviet era. The technology uses radar to detect incoming rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank missiles so that it can launch its own projectiles to intercept the incoming warheads.
The Ukrainian news publication Militarnyi reported that Russian engineers have been working to equip their tanks with the Arena-M system since 2019 and that live-fire tests were already being conducted in 2021. However, Militarnyi also highlighted reports suggesting Russia was struggling to adapt the Arena-M system to detect and destroy small drones, because the latter can fly more slowly and in more unpredictable ways than incoming missiles or rockets fired directly at tanks.
Having just a dozen countermunitions for interceptions also proved inadequate in the face of large numbers of Ukrainian drones. Remotely piloted Ukrainian drones capable of disabling or destroying armored vehicles through kamikaze attacks can cost as little as $400 each—so it’s still a very cost-effective trade for Ukrainian drone operators even if they have to use more than 12 drones to take out an armored vehicle costing millions of dollars.
“The Arena-M system, by itself, likely will not be an effective countermeasure to Ukrainian [first-person view drones] alone, as the system can be overwhelmed and only increases the cost and effort required of Ukrainian forces defending against the Russian mechanized assault,” wrote the Institute for the Study of War in an August 9 update on the war in Ukraine.
Pro-Kremlin Russian bloggers apparently acknowledged the Arena-M system’s current limitations and called for additional defenses to be integrated to provide tanks with layered air defense against drones. However, tanks and other armored vehicles still face additional battlefield threats beyond drones in the so-called kill zone, including crewed anti-tank weapons, landmines, and artillery.
For now, the Russian military may be considering increasing the number of Arena-M counter munitions to intercept incoming drones and other projectiles. But as Euromaidan Press explained, space constraints for the turret-mounted projectile launchers could ultimately limit that approach.
The limitations of active protection systems against drones have also appeared beyond the battlefields in Ukraine during the US-Israeli war against Iran. When the Israeli military sent troops into Lebanon to fight the Iranian-backed faction Hezbollah, the Israeli Merkava 4 tanks came equipped with Trophy active protection systems developed by Israel’s Rafael Advanced Defense Systems.
But Hezbollah militants published multiple videos showing their small quadcopter drones loaded with explosives striking Israeli tanks that had Trophy systems still loaded with countermunitions, according to the Ukrainian media company Defense Express. Such videos implied that the Trophy system had difficulty detecting incoming small drones.
Making matters worse for the Israeli military, Hezbollah deployed drones that are immune to radio signal jamming because they are connected to human operators by miles of fiber optic cables. That battlefield innovation first came out of the war in Ukraine and became a crucial part of Hezbollah’s arsenal as the faction ramped up its asymmetric campaign against Israel between March and June 2026, according to the Institute for the Study of War.
Although it’s unclear how many Israeli tanks were damaged or knocked out by Hezbollah’s drones, such drone attacks became the top threat for the Israeli military in Lebanon and accounted for the majority of deaths among Israeli soldiers after a temporary ceasefire went into effect in April, The Wall Street Journal reported.
Despite uncertainty about the Trophy active protection system’s performance, multiple European countries have been buying the Trophy system in an attempt to better protect their tanks against the threat of drones. The EuroTrophy joint venture expects to equip 400 European Leopard tanks with the system, according to Breaking Defense.
The US military has already equipped several hundred M1 Abrams tanks with the Trophy system in recent years. But it’s clear that the United States and many other countries are still sorting out the best way to deploy tanks on drone-dominated battlefields. During the Combined Resolve military exercise held in Germany this year, Ukrainian drone operators wiped out an entire brigade of US Army tanks and armored vehicles.
